Data hk is the practice of gathering and analysing information that can be used to make more informed business decisions. This information can be collected from both primary and secondary sources, including published reports and statistics. This information can then be combined into reports that help businesses understand trends in their industry, or to inform policy formation by government agencies. Data hk is widely used in the financial services, insurance and marketing industries, and can be a valuable tool to help businesses increase customer satisfaction, identify potential issues and improve efficiency.
Generally speaking, the term personal data refers to any information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual. This definition was first established in the PDPO when it was first enacted in 1996, and has since been included in the legal regimes that apply to individuals outside of Hong Kong – such as the Personal Information Protection Law that applies in mainland China, or the General Data Protection Regulation that applies in the European Economic Area (“EEA”).
There are several important aspects to consider when deciding whether or not to transfer personal data abroad. The most important consideration is whether or not the personal data in question falls within the scope of the PDPO. For example, the PDPO requires data users to inform the public of the purpose for which they are collecting personal data, and to obtain voluntary and express consent from a person before using their data for purposes other than those stated in the PICS.
Additionally, a data user cannot transfer personal data abroad for any new purposes unless they have obtained the person’s express and voluntary consent to do so. This is a significant requirement that may be difficult to comply with in some cases, particularly when the new purpose for which the data is transferred is not directly related to one of the original purposes stated in the PICS.
Finally, the PDPO requires a data user to adopt contractual or other measures to prevent personal data transferred to data processors in Hong Kong (whether inside or outside of Hong Kong) from being subject to unauthorised access, processing, erasure or loss, or being kept longer than is necessary for the purpose for which it was originally processed. This is a further significant step that may be more difficult to achieve in practice, and it reflects the statutory recognition that a data user is responsible and liable for the acts of their agents, including those who are located outside of Hong Kong.
If you are considering transferring personal data overseas, it is important to take the time to review the PDPO and any proposed transfer agreement carefully. In addition, you should also consider the laws and practices of the destination jurisdiction, as well as any concerns raised by a data privacy group. Ultimately, however, there is no evidence that cross-border transfers have undermined the essential guarantees of data privacy provided for by the PDPO.